(Stop reading right now if the only Rembrandt you know is a toothpaste brand - if so, you need to broaden your cultural horizons, big time.)
Today marks the 400th birthday of one of history's most celebrated painters: Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (1606-1669). Few artists can match this Dutch artist's prolific output of over 600 paintings, 300 etchings, and 2000 drawings. A whole group of art historians and other experts, the Rembrandt Research Project, was formed just to study and determine which artworks were genuinely done by Rembrandt instead of his peers or students.
Like Dostoevsky, whom novelist Andre Gide said wrote like Rembrandt painted, Rembrandt did not exactly lead a model life to emulate. After years of marital bliss and financial prosperity with his wife Saskia, her death brought mounting debts that eventually resulted in bankruptcy. There is some debate over whether this was caused by his extravagant lifestyle (he loved buying and collecting) or a more general economic downturn that affected all artists in the country at the time. In addition, the post-Saskia years were spent living with a mistress, Hendrickje Stoffels, whom he never married but with whom he fathered two children, a situation that did not sit well with the local Reformed church council.
It can be argued that had there not been such a dearth of great Protestant painters in history, Rembrandt wouldn't have been as famous. Maybe, maybe not. In any case, his talent cannot be denied. He was prolific not only in number of artworks produced, but in his wide range of subject matter. Well-known are his history paintings, which include scenes from history, the Bible, and mythology, but he is also recognized for his portraits- group (The Night Watch, 1642), single (Jan Six, 1654), and self. The self-portraits provide interesting snapshots on how he viewed himself throughout his life - youth, aristocrat, old clown. Regardless of what Rembrandt's deepest religious beliefs were, which are difficult at best to ascertain, his works reveal a person clearly sensitive to the smallest details of the people and world around him. He was not one who shied away from drawing old women using the toilet.
The word most often used to describe Rembrandt's painting and etching style is chiaroscuro. His version of light and dark contrast was, however, a significant departure from the harsh theater spotlight-like tenebrism of his predecessor Caravaggio or the smoky sfumato of the even earlier da Vinci . Rembrandt, especially in later paintings, employed soft outlines and lights that seem more to emanate (glow) from the figures than from an outside source. Like Michelangelo and Titian, his compositional arrangements and subject matters became more introspective in his last works, exchanging Baroque drama (The Blinding of Samson, 1636) for tranquility (The Return of the Prodigal Son, 1668). Finally, his "strokes," either in paint or pen, demonstrate a high level of spontaneity and controlled energy, not an easy task with representational art.
He was no saint. But let's continue to celebrate Rembrandt, if only for how he taught us to look at everything in a different light. That, after all, is the mark of the great artists.